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施用脲酶抑制剂是降低尿素水解、减少氨气挥发损失、提高作物氮(N)肥利用率的重要途径之一.采用室内恒温、恒湿模拟试验方法,在25℃黑暗条件下培养,研究新型磷酰胺类脲酶抑制剂N-丙基磷酰三胺(NPPT)的脲酶抑制效果,比较其与N-丁基磷酰三胺(NBPT)在不同尿素用量条件下不同质地土壤中对脲酶的抑制差异.结果表明:在壤土和黏土中,尿素作用时间≤9 d,添加抑制剂可以将尿素水解时间延长3 d以上.砂土中,尿素分解过程相对缓慢,添加抑制剂显著降低土壤脲酶活性,抑制NH_4~+-N生成.在培养期间,不同尿素用量条件下,脲酶抑制剂在不同质地土壤中的抑制效果表现为高施N量优于低施N量.培养第6天,在尿素用量250 mg N·kg~(-1)条件下,NBPT和NPPT在砂土中脲酶抑制率分别为56.3%和53.0%在壤土中分别为0.04%和0.3%,在黏土中分别为4.1%和6.2%;尿素用量500mg N·kg~(-1),NBPT和NPPT在砂土中脲酶抑制率分别为59.4%和65.8%,在壤土中分别为14.5%和15.1%,在黏土中分别为49.1%和48.1%.不同质地土壤中脲酶抑制效果表现为砂土>黏土>壤土.不同抑制剂处理在培养期间土壤NH_4~+-N含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而NO_3~--N含量和表观硝化率均呈现逐渐上升的趋势.与单施尿素处理相比,添加脲酶抑制剂NBPT和NPPT显著增加土壤中的残留尿素态N,降低NH_4~+-N生成.新型脲酶抑制剂NPPT在不同质地土壤中的抑制效果与NBPT相似,是一款有效的脲酶抑制剂.
Application of urease inhibitor is one of the important ways to reduce urea hydrolysis, reduce ammonia volatilization loss and increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer utilization rate.Using the indoor constant temperature and constant humidity simulation test method, cultivating at 25 ℃ in darkness, The urease inhibitory effect of phosphoramidate urease inhibitor N-propylphosphoric triamide (NPPT) was compared with that of N-butylphosphoric triamide (NBPT) in urease with different soil contents The results showed that in the loam and clay, the action time of urea was less than 9 days, and the inhibitor could prolong the hydrolysis time of urea for more than 3 days.In the sand soil, the decomposition process of urea was relatively slow. Adding inhibitors significantly reduced soil urease activity, Inhibited the formation of NH_4 ~ + -N.Under the different urea dosage conditions, the inhibitory effect of urease inhibitors in different soil texture was higher than the low N application rate.Under the sixth day, At 250 mg N · kg -1, the urease inhibition rates of NBPT and NPPT in sandy soil were 56.3% and 53.0%, respectively, at 0.04% and 0.3% in loamy soil and 4.1% and 6.2% in clay respectively %; Urea dosage 500mg N · kg -1, NBPT and NPPT urea in the sand The inhibitory rates were 59.4% and 65.8%, respectively, which were 14.5% and 15.1% in loamy soil and 49.1% and 48.1% in clay soil, respectively.The inhibition effect of urease in different soil texture was sand> clay> The content of NH_4 ~ + -N in soil increased firstly and then decreased, while the content of NO_3 ~ --N and the apparent nitrification rate tended to increase gradually during the treatment.Compared with urea application, urease inhibition NBPT and NPPT significantly increased the residual urea N in the soil and decreased the production of NH 4 + -N.A new type of urease inhibitor NPPT was found to be similar to NBPT in different soil soils and was an effective urease inhibitor.