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糖类作为重要的生物大分子化合物,主要以糖缀合物的形式参与众多生命活动。糖类与细胞识别,细胞间信息传递,细胞增殖分化以及免疫应答等密切相关。糖类还参与病原体的感染,自身免疫疾病,肿瘤细胞分化与转移等病生理过程。随着对糖类生物学功能的不断认识,糖生物学成为生命科学一门新兴的学科。而其中,聚焦于糖类的免疫学研究最具特色,其目的是阐明糖类与蛋白质及核酸一样对于免疫学以至于整个生物学领域发展至关重要。本文在简述糖生物学相关概念的基础上,着重介绍了免疫系统中糖生物学及其在疾病与诊疗方面的研究进展。
As an important biological macromolecular compound, carbohydrates mainly participate in many life activities in the form of glycoconjugates. Sugar and cell recognition, cell-cell information transmission, cell proliferation and differentiation and immune response are closely related. Sugars are also involved in the pathogens of infection, autoimmune diseases, tumor cell differentiation and metastasis and other pathophysiological processes. With the continuous understanding of the biological function of carbohydrates, sugar biology has become an emerging discipline of life sciences. Among them, the immunological research focusing on carbohydrates is the most distinctive, and its purpose is to clarify that carbohydrates, like proteins and nucleic acids, are crucial to the development of immunology and even the whole biology. On the basis of the brief introduction of related concepts of glycogen biology, this article focuses on the glycogen biology in the immune system and its research progress in disease and diagnosis and treatment.