一、前言铸铁作为一种结构材料得到广泛应用的原因,就在于它价廉并具有较好的机械性能和工艺性能。然而,在以往的铸造生产过程中,常常是将冲天炉熔炼的铁水,浇一组试棒,以此来检验成批生产的铸铁件质量。很显然,这是极不科学的。因为,在冲天炉熔炼过程中,铁水的化学成分、熔炼温度以及出铁后的孕育工艺都会发生变化,所以,铸铁的机械性能也会相应地发生变化。为了提高铸件质量,减少因机械性能不能满足要求而造成的废品,在 I. Introduction Cast iron as a structural material is widely used because it is cheap and has good mechanical properties and process performance. However, in the past casting production process, it was common to test the quality of batch cast iron parts by pouring a series of test sticks into the hot metal melted in a cupola furnace. Obviously, this is extremely unscientific. Because, in the cupola smelting process, the chemical composition of molten iron, melting temperature and tapping after the birth of the process will change, so the mechanical properties of cast iron will be changed accordingly. In order to improve the quality of castings, reduce the mechanical properties can not meet the requirements of the resulting waste, at