“类比是一个伟大的引路人”(波利亚).“每当理智缺乏可靠论证的思路时,类比这个方法往往能指引我们前进”(康德)．天文学家开普勒曾经说过:“我珍视类比胜过任何别的东西,它是我最信赖的老师,它能揭示自然界的秘密,在几何学里它是最不容忽视的．所谓类比,就是根据两个对象在某些方面的相同或相似,推出它们在其他方面的相同或 “The analogy is a great guide” (Polya). “Every time the reasoning lacks a reliable argument, the analogy method can often guide us forward” (Kant). The astronomer Kepler once said: “I value the analogy over anything else. It is my most trusted teacher. It reveals the secrets of the natural world. It is the geometry that cannot be ignored. The so-called analogy is Depending on whether the two objects are identical or similar in some respects, they are identical or otherwise