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1.引言关于树枝晶结构、等轴晶、显微与宏观偏析、热裂以及铸件与钢锭的完好性等已进行了许多基本研究,以阐明钢锭与铸件实际凝固过程中所观察到的现象。有关凝固过程研究领域中的大部分最新进展是从非铁材料系统的工作中取得的。在这些研究工作中所得到的结果已被应用于改进铸锭和连铸的实际生产技术上。本文简要地评述凝固研究的最新进展。 2 等轴晶的形成现已提出的有关钢锭中形成等轴晶的主要机理如下:(1)在生长着的柱状晶凝固前
1. INTRODUCTION Much basic research has been done on dendrite structure, equiaxed grains, microscopic and macroscopic segregation, thermal cracking, and the integrity of castings and ingots, to clarify the phenomena observed during the actual solidification of ingots and castings. Most recent developments in the field of solidification processes have been made from the work of non-ferrous materials systems. The results obtained in these studies have been applied to practical production techniques for improving ingot casting and continuous casting. This article briefly reviews recent advances in solidification studies. The formation of equiaxed grains The main mechanisms that have been proposed for the formation of equiaxed grains in ingots are as follows: (1) Before the growing columnar crystals solidify