作为传统需求管理工具的美国财政政策主要包括“启动注水”政策、“补偿性”政策和“增长性”政策三种类型 ,三大政策的目标取向分别定位在“反萧条”“反经济周期”和“加速经济增长”。实践中 ,它们均在一定程度上适应了经济形势和经济理论发展的需要。只要运用得当 ,三大政策在各自的作用区域均能取得较好的效果。三大政策都是以赤字手段实现经济稳定和增长的目标 ,但实现的目标各有侧重 ,采取的方式和手段也有所不同。无论实施哪一种政策 ,都需要对经济形势做出比较准确的判断 ,并主动予以实施 ,政策实施的力度和时机选择非常重要。从三大政策中应该汲取的一个教训是 ,财政政策的目标定位应该合理适中 ,要把短期稳定目标和中长期增长目标结合起来 ,不能厚此薄彼。 The fiscal policy of the United States, as a traditional demand management tool, mainly includes three types: “start watering” policy, “compensatory” policy and “growth” policy. The goal orientation of the three major policies is respectively targeted at “anti-slump” and “anti-economic cycle” And “accelerate economic growth.” In practice, they are to some extent, to adapt to the economic situation and the development of economic theory needs. As long as they are properly used, the three major policies can achieve good results in their respective areas of influence. All three major policies are aimed at achieving economic stability and growth by means of deficits. However, the objectives we have achieved are highly focused and the methods and means adopted are different. No matter what kind of policy is implemented, it is necessary to make more accurate judgments on the economic situation and take the initiative to implement it. The strength of the policy implementation and the timing are of great importance. A lesson to be drawn from the three major policies is that the fiscal policy should be objectively modestly targeted and that short-term stability goals should be combined with medium- and long-term growth goals.