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针对我国现有土石坝粘粒含量范围,开展了国内外最高均质粘土坝漫顶溃决实体试验.揭示了粘土均质坝“陡坎式”后退、坝顶“双螺旋流”淘刷与溃口边坡失稳坍塌的溃决机理.并提出坝体材料的粘性(C值)对坝体溃决方式的具体影响机制.C值较大时,坝体溃决过程缓慢,溃口峰值流量较小,最终溃口宽度、深度较小,溃决过程以“多级陡坎”和“倾倒坍塌”为主要特征;C值较小时,坝体溃决过程较快,溃口峰值流量较大,最终溃口宽度、深度较大,溃决过程以“单级大陡坎”和“剪切坍塌”为主要特征.
According to the clay content range of the existing earth-rock dam in our country, the experiment of the over-the-top collapse of the highest homogenous clay dam at home and abroad is carried out. The results show that the clay homogeneous dam “steep ridge” And the failure mechanism of the collapse and collapse of the scouring slope and the failure of the slopping slope.The mechanism of concrete viscosity influence on the failure mode of the dam body is proposed.When the C value is large, Small and final breach width, depth is small, the process of the collapse is characterized by “multi-level steep slope ” and “dumping collapse ”; when C value is small, the collapse process of the dam body is quick, The final breach width and depth are larger. The main features of the collapse process are “single-stage large steep ridge” and “shear collapsed”.