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在妇科实践中经常用口服雌激素(E)避孕或作绝经后替代治疗。口服途径虽方便,但理论上有害,且不是一种生理性替代物。生育期妇女17-β雌二醇(17-βE_2)是由卵巢分泌,而在绝经后雌酮(E_1)变成循环中E的主要部分是由雄烯二酮外周转化而来。在月经周期中非结合E_1/17-βE_2的比值大约为1或更少,而到绝经后E_1在此平衡中占优势。口服17-βE_2经肠道吸收,转化产生大量E_1,造成循环血中激素总量有非生理性波动,这样,对靶器官的刺激与生育期生理变化显然不同。口服E首先通过肝脏代谢,用它作替代治疗产生的一些副
In gynecological practice, often with oral estrogen (E) contraception or postmenopausal replacement therapy. Oral route is convenient, but theoretically harmful, and not a physiological alternative. 17-β estradiol (17-βE_2) in fertile women is secreted by the ovary during fertility and the major part of E in circulating estrogen (E_1) after menopause is converted from the peritoneal cavity of androstenedione. The ratio of unbound E 1/17-βE 2 in the menstrual cycle is approximately 1 or less, whereas post-menopausal E 1 predominates in this balance. Oral 17-βE_2 absorbed by the intestine and transformed into a large number of E_1, resulting in circulating blood total hormone has a non-physiological fluctuations, so that the target organs of the physiological changes during growth and obviously different. Oral E first through the liver metabolism, use it as a replacement for treatment of some of the deputy