目的:观察应用双歧杆菌制剂预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的临床床效果。方法:将2011年1月-2012年1月在本院住院的328例早产儿按病例对照研究分成2组(预防组、对照组),2组除病因治疗、合理喂养外,预防组在24h内加双歧杆菌制剂164服。应用X2检验或确切概率法比较2组不同胎龄、不同出生质量早产儿NEC患病率的差异。结果:预防组164例中5例诊断为NEC,患病率为3.05%;对照组164例中21例诊断为NEC,患病率为12.80%。预防组早产儿的NEC患病率明显低于对照组(X2=8.60,P<0.05)。胎龄<32周早产儿,2组NEC患病率比较差异无统计学意义(X2=0.36,P>0.10)。2组极低出生体质量早产儿NEC患病率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.62);2组低出生体质量早产儿NEC患病率比较差异有统计学意义(X2=11.48,P<0.05)。结论:预防性应用微生态制剂双歧杆菌制剂可明显降低早产儿NEC的患病率,可能与双歧杆菌制剂可促进早产儿肠道正常菌群的定植和优势化有关。微生态制剂预防性保护作用随胎龄减小有渐减趋势。 Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of bifidobacterium preparation in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Methods: 328 cases of premature infants hospitalized in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2012 were divided into two groups according to the case-control study (prevention group and control group). In addition to the cause of disease and the reasonable feeding, Add Bifidobacterium preparation 164 service. X2 test or exact probability method was used to compare the difference of NEC prevalence between two groups of gestational age and different birth weight preterm infants. Results: Five of the 164 patients in the prevention group were diagnosed as NEC with a prevalence of 3.05%. Twenty-one of 164 patients in the control group were diagnosed as NEC with a prevalence of 12.80%. Preterm infants in prevention group NEC prevalence was significantly lower than the control group (X2 = 8.60, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of NEC between gestational age <32 weeks and preterm infants (X2 = 0.36, P> 0.10). The prevalence of NEC in preterm infants with very low birth weight was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.62). The prevalence of NEC in low birth weight preterm infants in two groups was significantly different (X2 = 11.48, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prophylactic use of the probiotic Bifidobacterium preparation can significantly reduce the prevalence of NEC in preterm infants and may be related to the promotion of colonization and predominance of normal intestinal microflora in preterm infants by Bifidobacterium preparations. Preventive protection of probiotics decreased with decreasing gestational age.