慢性肾功衰竭显著的特征是机体对电解质紊乱、水平衡、酸硷平衡和代谢产物(蛋白质早期衍生物)隐匿的和经常进行没有症状的调整。未经治疗的急性肾功衰竭患者发生的轻度异常,可能由于食欲缺乏、恶心、呕吐、乏力、嗜眠、痴呆、呼吸促迫、昏迷和抽搐等的迅速发展而最后死亡。 Notable features of chronic renal failure are the occult and often symptomatic adjustment of the body to electrolyte disturbances, water balance, acid-base balance, and metabolites (early derivatives of the protein). Mild abnormalities in untreated patients with acute renal failure may eventually die due to the rapid development of loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, lethargy, dementia, forced breathing, coma and convulsions.