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目的分析2006~2011年福建省麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后非目标人群麻疹流行病学特征,为消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,分析国家疾病监测信息报告系统中福建省麻疹疫苗强化免疫前(2006~2008年)和强化免疫后(2009~2011年)非目标人群麻疹病例的流行病学特征。结果麻疹疫苗强化免疫后,福建省全人群麻疹年均报告发病率下降了95.65%,非目标人群麻疹年均报告发病率下降了92.97%;麻疹强化免疫后,非目标人群麻疹发病呈高度散发,但仍以春季为主,占病例总数的53.75%;所有地市非目标人群报告发病率均大幅下降,下降幅度在84.61%~98.59%之间,地区分布以经济发达地区福州市,经济欠发达地区宁德、南平市为主;发病人群以异地户籍为主,占病例总数的66.87%,与强化免疫前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);性别、年龄、职业构成与强化免疫前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论强化免疫有正向外延效应,能大幅降低非目标人群发病率,后续应加强常规免疫、强化监测和应急处置,维持高群体免疫力,特别要关注人员流动频繁、边远贫困的地区以及流动人口,才能实现消除麻疹的目标。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in non-target population before and after measles vaccine immunization in Fujian Province from 2006 to 2011, and provide evidence for eliminating measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles cases in non-target population in Fujian Province before the measles vaccine immunization (2006 ~ 2008) and after intensive immunization (2009 ~ 2011) in the national disease surveillance information reporting system . Results After the measles vaccine boosted, the annual average incidence of measles in Fujian province decreased by 95.65%, and the annual average incidence of measles in non-target population decreased by 92.97%. After measles immunization, the incidence of measles in non-target population was highly distributed, But still mainly in spring, accounting for 53.75% of the total number of cases; the incidence of non-target population in all cities and cities were significantly lower incidence, a decline of 84.61% ~ 98.59%, the regional distribution of economically developed areas in Fuzhou, underdeveloped Ningde and Nanping were the main areas of the epidemic. The population of offspring was dominated by non-local household registration, accounting for 66.87% of the total number of cases, which was significantly different from that before intensive immunization (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in gender, age, occupational composition and pre-emptive immunization Statistical significance (P> 0.05). Conclusions There is a positive outward effect of intensive immunization, which can significantly reduce the incidence of non-target population. In the follow-up, routine immunization should be strengthened, and monitoring and emergency treatment should be strengthened to maintain high population immunity. Special attention should be paid to areas with frequent staff movements, remote and impoverished areas and floating population In order to achieve the goal of eliminating measles.