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铁路电气化已是当今铁路现代化的主要方向。到1995年,世界电铁总里程已达22.2万km,电气化率为20％,承担铁路运量的45％。 电力机车牵引功率大。根据我国铁路的运营经验,1条电气化铁路(简称电铁)的输送能力,相当于1.5条内燃机车牵引或3条蒸汽机车牵引铁路的输送能力。电力机车的热效率可达60％～70％,是蒸汽机车的10倍,是内燃机车的2.5倍。蒸汽机车最快时速80km,内燃机车最快时速不过100多km,而电力机车常规为120～160km/h,德国的客运电力机车已达350km/h。蒸汽机车吐黑烟,内燃机车喷吐尾气,而只有电力机车属环保型机车。
Electrification of railway is the main direction of railway modernization today. By 1995, the total mileage of the world’s electric railway has reached 222,000 km, the electrification rate is 20%, and 45% of the railway traffic is undertaken. Electric locomotive traction power. According to the operation experience of China’s railways, the transmission capacity of an electrified railway (referred to as electric railway) is equivalent to the transmission capacity of 1.5 diesel locomotive traction or 3 steam locomotive traction railways. The thermal efficiency of electric locomotive can reach 60% ~ 70%, which is 10 times that of steam locomotive and 2.5 times that of diesel locomotive. The fastest speed of steam locomotive is 80km / h, while the fastest speed of diesel locomotive is more than 100km. However, the conventional electric locomotive is 120 ~ 160km / h, and the German passenger electric locomotive has reached 350km / h. Steam locomotive black smoke, diesel locomotive exhaust, and only electric locomotives are environmentally friendly locomotives.