在过去几十年中,农村金融始终被“政府失败”和“市场失灵”所困扰。近三四十年来,微型金融的成功为农村信贷和穷人的发展提供了新的契机。本文深入地分析了微型金融成功的必然性及其重要意义,并认为微型金融的发展同样面临着“风险、成本和社会目标”等农村金融基本问题的挑战。 In the past few decades, rural finance has always been plagued by “government failure” and “market failure.” In the last three or four decades, the success of microfinance has provided new opportunities for rural credit and the development of the poor. This paper analyzes the inevitability and significance of the success of microfinance, and thinks that the development of microfinance also faces the challenge of basic rural financial issues such as “risk, cost and social goal”.