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关于嘉靖大倭寇的成因,学界多从明朝的海禁政策、海防废弛、政治腐败与彼时日本处于战国时期等几点来解析,但这些并非问题的关键。嘉靖大倭寇的形成是当时历史演变的结果,16世纪20年代前后葡萄牙人东来与16世纪30年代日本白银的开发为16世纪40年代中、日、葡三方走私贸易的形成制造了前提,沿海走私活动的逐步扩大进而衍生了诸多海寇暴力活动,16世纪40年代江浙地区异常严重的灾荒则保障了海寇的人群来源,16世纪50年代前后,朱纨厉行海禁失败,蒙古俺达汗入侵,明朝方面的防务重心转向北方,对东南沿海的防务采取了以寇制寇的消极策略,王直利用官府的绥靖及江浙地方豪强的帮助,逐步吞并整合了其他海寇势力,最终形成王直海寇集团一家独大的局面。之后以王直为首的海寇势力凭据日本平户为基地,连年勾结倭寇劫掠中国滨海,嘉靖大倭寇势成。
On the causes of Jiajing big pirates, many scholars from the Ming dynasty’s ban on sea prohibition, anti-coast defense, political corruption and Japan’s Warring States Period and other points to resolve, but these are not the crux of the problem. The formation of the Jiaocou Big Japanese pirate was the result of the historical evolution at that time. The development of the Portuguese East and the Japanese silver in the 1630s before and after the 1620s made it a prerequisite for the formation of the three-way smuggling trade between China, Japan and Portugal in the 1640s. The smuggling activities gradually led to the proliferation of many pirate activists. In the 1640s, the extremely serious famine in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces ensured the source of the crowd of pirates. Before and after the 1550s, Zhu Chang failed to pass the " , The defensive focus of the Ming dynasty turned to the north, took a negative strategy toward the southeastern coastal defense with the Kou system and the Kou. Using the government’s appeasement and the help of the tyrannical townships of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Wang Zhijian gradually annexed and integrated the forces of other sea curse and eventually formed Wang Zhihai Kou Group a dominance. After that, the strait-headed pirate forces, based on Japan’s Hirakata, colluded with Japanese pirates in the successive years to grab China’s Binhai and Jiajing large pirates.