一、引言肾功能衰竭的病理生理方面研究和处理的方法,在近年来均有很大的进展。现在已使急性肾功能衰竭病员的生存率大幅度增加,同时也使慢性肾功能衰竭患者可以较长时间的生存下去。上述的进展不是由于发明了某一种新的药物或者突破了某些肾功能衰竭的“难关”,而是由于许多医学部门的紧密协作才取得的。诸如生物工程学、免疫学、临床病理学、血管外科学、泌尿外科和最近已公认的肾脏学。由于 I. Introduction The pathophysiology of renal failure research and treatment methods have made great progress in recent years. Acute renal failure patients have now greatly increased the survival rate of patients, but also chronic renal failure patients can survive longer. The progress was not due to the invention of a new drug or breakthrough of some of the “difficulties” of kidney failure, but to the close collaboration of many medical departments. Such as bioengineering, immunology, clinical pathology, vascular surgery, urology, and recently accepted nephrology. due to