社会主义市场经济的迅速发展,使我国的经济建设呈现勃勃生机。但是,由于劳动保护工作尚未完全适应改革和发展的需要,国家规定的“企业负责、行业管理、国家监察、群众监督”的条款还没有真正落到实处,致使当前我国劳动保护工作仍存在很多问题。根据有关资料统计,1995年,全国各类事故造成死亡人数达98085人,其中工厂企业全年共发生一次死亡3人以上的重大伤亡事故就达142起,死亡人数644人,重伤288人,造成直接经济损失数额高达26.75亿元。乡镇煤矿每采1000万吨煤平均死亡12个人。职业病的发病率也很严重,最近几年每年新增尘肺病二百例,死亡5000多人,造成经济损失50多亿元。造成这种严峻局面的原因固然是多方面的,但更多的是新形势下出现的新问题。一是国有企业长期以来虽然形成了一套比较完整的劳动保护管理体制,职工的安全意识也比较高。但一些企业由于建厂时间长,加之设备老化,又因经济效益差、资金不足,故重大事故隐患往往得不到治理。同时,一些企业在转换经营机制的过程中,缺乏劳动保护工作的自我约束机制,片面强调扩大企业的自主权,撤并安全管理机构,裁减安全管理技术人员和工会劳动保护监督检查人员。这在客观上放松了对安全工作的管理。二是随着经济体制改革的深化和企业经营机构的转变,市场和效益已成为大多数企业赖以生存的关 The rapid development of the socialist market economy has brought about an enormous vitality in our economic construction. However, due to the fact that labor protection work has not been fully adapted to the needs of reform and development, the provisions stipulated by the state such as “enterprise responsibility, industry management, state surveillance and mass supervision” have not yet been implemented in real terms, resulting in the current labor protection work in our country still exists many problems. According to relevant statistics, in 1995, the number of deaths caused by various types of accidents in the country reached 98085, of which, there were 142 serious fatal accidents involving factory enterprises with more than 3 deaths a year, 644 fatalities and 288 serious injuries, resulting in Direct economic losses amount to 2.675 billion yuan. Township coal mine every mining 10 million tons of coal average death of 12 people. The incidence of occupational diseases is also very serious. In recent years, two hundred pneumoconiosis cases have been newly added each year, killing more than 5,000 people and causing economic losses of over 5 billion yuan. Although the reasons for causing such a severe situation are many, they are more new ones that have emerged under the new situation. First, although state-owned enterprises have long formed a relatively complete system of labor protection and management, their safety awareness is relatively high. However, due to the long time of establishing factories and the aging of equipment, some enterprises often fail to get rid of hidden dangers due to poor economic benefits and insufficient funds. In the meantime, some enterprises lack the self-restraint mechanism for labor protection during the transition of their operating mechanism. They unilaterally emphasize expanding the autonomy of enterprises, withdrawing the safety management agencies, cutting down the safety management technicians and labor protection supervision inspectors of trade unions. This objectively relaxed the management of security work. Second, with the deepening of the reform of the economic system and the transformation of the enterprises and institutions, the market and the benefits have become the key to the survival of most enterprises