选修7第4单元重点单词

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  1. relevant [?rel?v?nt] adj. 有关的;切题的
  We have passed all relevant information on to the police. 我们已经把所有相关信息都告知了警方。
  be relevant to 与……密切有关
  These materials are relevant to the case. 这些材料与这起案件有关。
  派生词
   ? irrelevant adj. 无关紧要的;不相关的
  What you said is irrelevant to the subject. 你说的与本题无关。
  ? relevance n. 重要性;意义;相关性
  Evaluate the relevance, sufficiency, and competence of evidence. 评估证据的相关性、充分性和适当性。
  【试题链接】
   Content of the advertisement must be
  ___ to the theme of our show.
  Key: relevant
  2. adjust [??d??st] v.
  ? vt. 调整;调节
  Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。
  ? vi. (使)适合
  He soon adjusted to army life. 他很快适应了军中生活。
  adjust oneself to ... 使自己适应于……
  The body adjusts itself to the change of temperature. 身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。
  adjust to doing sth. 使适应做某事
  It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。
  派生词
  ? adjustable adj. 可调整的;可校准的
  The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable. 这辆自行车的车座高度是可以调节的。
  ? adjustment n. 调整;适应
  I’ve made a few adjustments to the design. 我已对设计作了几处调整。
  易混辨析
  adjust 与adapt
  这两个动词均有“使适合;适应”之意。
  adjust 侧重指“调整、调节使适应”,改变的幅度要小一些,主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等;adapt指在原有情况下作某些改变以适应新的环境或不同的条件,强调改变的目的和重要性。
  【试题链接】
  If something is ___, it can be changed to different positions or sizes.
  Key: adjustable
  3. participate [pɑ:?tIsIpeIt] vi. 参与;参加
  Some experts will participate as technical advisers. 几位专家将作为技术顾问参加。
  participate in 参加
  Students should be encouraged to participate in more activities after class in order to broaden their knowledge. 为了拓宽知识面,应当鼓励学生多参加课外活动。
  派生词
  ? participation n. 参与;参加
  Without the participation of intellectuals, the realization of the four modernizations is impossible. 没有知识分子的参与,实现四化是不可能的。
  ? participant n. 参与者
  You are expected to be an active participant. 你应该成为积极的参与者。
   易混辨析
  participate, attend, join与take part in
  这些动词或词组均含“参加;加入”之意。participate为正式用词,特指参加团体活动,暗示以一个积极的角色参加;attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等;join为普通用词,指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等;take part in侧重指参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动,突出参加者在其中發挥一定的作用。
  【试题链接】
  She is active in ___ in social activities.
  Key: participating
   4. otherwise [????waIz]
  ? conj. 否则;不然
  You should go now, otherwise you will be late. 你该走了,不然你会迟到的。   ? adv. 用别的方法;其他方面
  He should have done it otherwise. 他本该用别的方法做这件事。
  or otherwise 或其他情况;或相反
  I am not concerned with his honesty or otherwise. 我不管他诚实不诚实。
  【试题链接】
   Be modest, ___ you will lag behind.
  Key: otherwise
   5. donate [d???neIt] vt.
  ? vt. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送
  donate sth to sb./sth. 向……捐赠某物
  He donated thousands of pounds to charity. 他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。
  Last year we donated 1000 yuan to the poor student. 去年我们向这个贫穷的学生捐赠了1000元。
  ? vt. 献(血);捐献(器官)
  donate blood 献血
  The government calls on the youth to donate their blood. 政府号召青年献血。
  派生词
  donation n. 捐赠物;捐赠;赠送
  make / give / present a donation to sb. 捐赠给某人
  They made a generous donation to the relief fund. 他们为这个救济基金慷慨捐款。
  易混辨析
  donate, contribute与subscribe
  这些动词均含“捐献;捐赠”之意。donate表示为慈善或公益事业等捐献,或捐献人体器官、血液等;contribute多表示非物质方面的贡献、帮助等或是与别人一起捐赠,含有为大事业做出小小贡献的意思;subscribe表示为有意义的事(连续地)捐赠数额较大的款项。
  【试题链接】
  You can of course help by giving them a ___ directly
  Keys: donation
  6. voluntary [?v?l?ntrI] adj.
  ? 自愿的;志愿的
  He made a voluntary statement to the police. 他主动向警方供出一切。
  ? 义务的;无偿的;靠自愿捐助的
  Many social services are still provided by voluntary societies. 许多社会服务仍是由志愿团体提供的。
  派生词
  volunteer [?v?l?n?tI?(r)]
  ? n. 志愿者;志愿兵
  This work costs us nothing; it’s all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没花钱,是由志愿者完成的。
  ? vt. 自愿(做某事、提供服务或帮助等)
  volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
  He volunteered to clear up afterwards. 他自愿负责事后的清理打扫工作。
  易混辨析
  voluntary与willing
  这两个形容词均含“自愿的”的意思。voluntary 使用广泛,侧重不受约束,行动不为
  其他影响所左右;willing着重自愿、令人愉快或急切地去行动。
  【试题链接】
  She now helps in a local school as a ___ three days a week
  Key: volunteer
  7. purchase [?p?:t??s]
  ? vt. 购买;购置
  He purchased a car for his son. 他为儿子购买了一辆车。
  purchasing power 购买力
  The purchasing power of the dollar has declined. 美元的购买力已经下降。
  ? vt. 换得;挣得
  They purchased life at the expense of honor. 他们以牺牲名誉的代价换得了生命。
  ? n. [U, C] 购买;采购
  He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books. 他给了儿子一些钱去购买教科书。
  派生词
  purchaser [?p?:t??s?(r)] n. 买主;购买人
  The shares of the firm will be owned by many purchasers. 那家公司的股票由购买者所有。
  易混辨析
  purchase与buy
  这两个动词均含“买”的意思。purchase有时在较为正式的场合出现,文化意味较重,而且似乎经过深思熟虑才决定的;buy是最普通用词,可以替换purchase,但反之不行。buy和purchase虽然都可用作名词,但若是指一项购入则多用purchase。   【试题链接】
  We haven’t been able to find a ___ for our house yet.
  Keys: purchaser
  8. click [klIk]
  ? n. 咔嗒声
  The key turned with a click. 钥匙转动发出咔嗒的响声。
  ? vi. 发出咔嗒声
  The door clicked shut behind her. 门在她身后咔嗒一声关上了。
  ? vi. 突然明白;恍然大悟
  Suddenly everything clicked and I realized where I’d met him. 突然一切都清楚了,我意识到自己在哪里见过他了。
  ? vt. 点击
  Click the square icon again to minimize the window.  再次点击正方形图标,把窗口最小化。
  Just click the mouse and you’ll get the instructions you need. 点击鼠标,你就会得到你所需要的指令。
  【试题链接】
  If you are interested, please ___ the link for details.
  Keys: click
  9. distribute [dI?strIbju:t]
  ? vt. 分发;分配
  Please distribute the examination papers round the class. 请把考卷发给全班同学。
  ? vt. 分布;散布
  Shark is widely distributed along the Atlantic coast. 鲨鱼在大西洋沿岸的分布很广泛。
  distribute sth. to / among sb. 向某人分发某物;在某群人中分发
  The man is distributing leaflets to / among passers-by. 那个人正在向路人发传单。
  派生词
  distribution n. 分发;分配
  We are studying the distribution of schools in this country. 我们正在研究这个国家里学校的分布情况。
  易混辨析
  distribute, assign与divide
  这些动词均含“分配;分发”之意。distribute 指将某物分成一定的部分或数量,通常各份的數量不一定相等,然后分给某些人或地方;assign指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配,也不一定是很公平的;divide为普通用词,侧重将某物分成若干份分配给他人,当某物一分为二时,含“平均分配”之意。
  【试题链接】
  The prizes were ___ among five winners.
  Key: distributed
  10. operate [??p?reIt]
  ? vt. 操作;开动
  It is very difficult to operate the machine. 操作这台机器很难。
  ? vt. 经营;管理
  His father operates two big companies. 他父亲经营着两家大公司。
  ? vt. 运行;运转
  Do public transport services operate at night? 公交系统夜间运营吗?
  ? vi. 起作用;凑效
  The medicine began to operate at once. 药效立竿见影。
  ? vi. 动手术;开刀
  Having seen the x-ray, the doctor decided to operate on the patient. 看过X 光片后,医生决定为病人做手术。
  派生词
  operation n.
  ? [U] 操作;运转
  The operation of the machine is simple. 这台机器操作简单。
  ? [C] 手术
  He is very ill and needs an operation. 他病得很重,需要做手术。
  派生词
  operator n. [C] 话务员;操作员;经营者
  易混辨析
  operate, manage与run
  这三个动词均含“经营;管理”的意思。operate含所有人与代理人共同经营的意思;manage指对经营的工厂、商店等全面的监督,包括处理问题和日常事务,但不一定拥有所有权;run指使经营管理的工厂、企业等运转起来,多为自筹资金,拥有所有权。
  【试题链接】
  His quality of life has improved dramatically since the ___.
  Key: operation
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