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本文就高速双圆弧齿轮的噪声频谱特性进行分析讨论。试验在上海吴淞化工厂K-350空压机机组上进行,该机增速齿轮传递功率为1700KM、圆周速度为70m/sec,79年底投运,累计运行时间近二万小时,运转平稳。现场噪声测试记录之后,经快速福里哀变换即(F.F.T.)处理,得出噪声频谱。测试中还着重改变润滑油温度,实现在不同的润滑油粘度的工作条件下,就高速齿轮噪声频谱变化特点进行分析讨论。试验分析表明,高速齿轮工作时处于宽带连续频谱状况,且在啮合频率处占为声强主峰。随着油粘度变稀,在齿轮回转频率和啮合频率处的声压亦相应下降,如油温从35℃上升到55℃、前述频率成份的噪声均可降低5～6db,但随着油温上升,油粘度继续减薄,声压又出现回升趋势。作者分析认为,在高速齿轮中出现粘度与声压变化关系,显然与低速齿轮中情况不同,该现象可能是由于高速齿轮的润滑油急速飞溅撞击和轮齿啮合时产生所谓“油泵效应”的剧烈挤油作用引起的,并且由此在整个齿轮噪声中占主导地位,使声压下降。但是随着油粘度继续变薄,齿间油膜随之减小,阻尼特性减弱,使动载对振动影响明显,致齿轮不同频率成份噪声又有些回升趋势。本试验所得一些成果,对研究高速齿轮中降低噪声的措施是较为有益的。
This paper analyzes and discusses the noise spectrum characteristics of high speed double arc gear. The experiment was carried out on the K-350 air compressor unit of Shanghai Wusong Chemical Factory. The speed increase gear transmission power was 1700KM and the peripheral speed was 70m / sec. It was put into operation at the end of 79 and the accumulated running time was nearly 20,000 hours, which was stable. After recording the field noise test, the noise spectrum was obtained by fast Fourier transform (F.F.T.). The test also focuses on changing the temperature of the lubricating oil to achieve the analysis and discussion on the characteristics of the high-speed gear noise spectrum under the working conditions of different lubricating oil viscosities. Experimental analysis shows that the high-speed gear is in the condition of continuous broadband spectrum and occupies the main peak of sound intensity at the engaging frequency. As the oil viscosity becomes thinner, the sound pressure at the gear rotation frequency and the engagement frequency decreases correspondingly. If the oil temperature rises from 35 ℃ to 55 ℃, the noise of the aforementioned frequency components can be reduced by 5 ~ 6db. However, as the oil temperature Rise, the viscosity of oil continues to decrease, and sound pressure appears again. According to the author’s analysis, the relationship between viscosity and sound pressure appears in the high-speed gear. Obviously, the situation is different from that in the low-speed gear. This phenomenon may be caused by the rapid splash collision of the high-speed gear oil and the so-called “pump effect” Squeeze oil, and thus dominates the entire gear noise, reducing the sound pressure. However, as the oil viscosity continues to decrease, the oil film between the teeth will decrease and the damping characteristics will be weakened, which will make the dynamic load affect the vibration obviously, and the noise of gear components at different frequencies will rise again. Some of the results obtained in this experiment, the study of high-speed gear noise reduction measures is more beneficial.