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大田试验和田间调查分别在杭州浙江农业大学实验农场黄松土(Semihydromorphic soil)和金华盆地红壤上进行。品种分别为钱江9号和协作2号,这两处土壤有效钾含量均较低,棉花(Gosoypium hirsutum L)生长不良,普遍早衰。根据土壤中交换性钾的含量与棉花生长情况,一般可分为四类:土壤交换性钾>90ppm,棉花生长正常,70—90ppm,潜在缺钾;<70ppm,明显缺钾;<50ppm,严重缺钾。棉花叶片含钾量与土壤交换性钾含量呈正相关,r=0.928,显著性超过1%水准。大田试验表明,施用钾肥能提高棉花叶片含钾量,增加叶面积和叶绿素含量以及CO_2的同化率;钾还能促进叶片中细胞色素氧化酶和硝酸还原酶的活性,提高气孔导度,降低水分的蒸腾速率。缺钾叶片结构松弛,角质层发育不良;正常叶片结构紧密,角质层发育良好。叶片含钾量无论在苗期、初花期、盛花期、花铃期,均与皮棉产量呈正相关,达到显著水准。
Field experiments and field surveys were conducted on experimental soil of Zhejiang Agricultural University in Hangzhou, China. Semi-hydromorphic soil and red soil of Jinhua Basin were used in this study. The cultivars were Qianjiang 9 and No.2, respectively. Both of them had low available potassium, and poor growth of cotton (Gosoypium hirsutum L) and prevalent premature aging. According to soil exchangeable potassium content and cotton growth, can generally be divided into four categories: soil exchangeable potassium> 90ppm, normal cotton growth, 70-90ppm, potential potassium deficiency; <70ppm, significantly potassium deficiency; <50ppm, serious Potassium deficiency. Cotton leaf potassium content and soil exchangeable potassium content was positively correlated, r = 0.928, significantly more than 1% level. Field experiments showed that potassium fertilizer could increase the potassium content of cotton leaves, increase leaf area and chlorophyll content and CO 2 assimilation rate. Potassium also promoted the activity of cytochrome oxidase and nitrate reductase, increased stomatal conductance and decreased water content Transpiration rate. Potassium deficiency leaf structure relaxation, stratum corneum dysplasia; normal leaf structure closely, the development of the stratum corneum well. Leaf potassium content in seedling, early flowering, flowering, flowering period, were lint yield was positively correlated, reaching a significant level.