急性肾功能衰竭(简称急性肾衰)是一个临床上的综合征,它的主要临床表现是:肾功能迅速地恶化,常有(但不一定有)少尿(<400ml/24小时)。本综合征可由许多种原因引起: 1.肾前性氮质血症:常发生于血浆容量不足(如失水、失血等)或循环机能不全(如充血性心力衰竭、心律不整,过分地降压治疗等),导致肾缺血,如果缺血很严重或时间太久,可引起急性肾小管坏死。 2.肾实质疾病:多种肾实质病都可引起急性肾衰:(1)任何原因引起的急性肾炎综合征,都可发生急性肾衰;(2)肾血管疾病:如双侧肾动脉闭塞,急 Acute renal failure (Acute Renal Failure) is a clinical syndrome whose main clinical manifestation is the rapid deterioration of renal function, and often, but not necessarily, oliguria (<400 ml / 24 hours). The syndrome can be caused by many reasons: 1. Prerenal azotemia: often occurs in insufficient plasma volume (such as dehydration, blood loss, etc.) or circulatory insufficiency (such as congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, excessive drop Pressure treatment, etc.), leading to renal ischemia, if the ischemia is very serious or too long, can cause acute tubular necrosis. 2. Renal parenchymal disease: A variety of renal parenchymal disease can cause acute renal failure: (1) acute nephritis syndrome caused by any cause, can occur acute renal failure; (2) Renal vascular disease: such as bilateral renal artery occlusion ,anxious