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美国著名的行为科学家道格拉斯·M·麦格雷戈（Douglas M.Mc Gregor,1906-1964）,1937-1964年期间在麻省理工学院任教,但其中有六年（1948-1954年）在安第奥克学院任院长。任院长期间,他对当时流行的传统的管理观点和对人的特性的看法提出了疑问。其后,他在1957年11月号的美国《管理评论》杂志上发表了《企业中的人》一文,提出了有名的“X理论-Y理论”,1960年该文以书的形式出版。该文是管理学文献中再版最多的文章之一。麦格雷戈在文中为我们阐述了这样的观点,即如果有适当的条件,并在有组织的情况下,人的创造力可以达到的高度是不可想象的。麦格雷戈把传统的管理思想和以社会科学为基础的管理方法分别命名为X理论和Y理论。他讨论了权力下放、工作拓展、参与以及工作评估的好处。
Douglas M. McGregor (1906-1964), a famous behavioral scientist in the United States, taught at MIT from 1937 to 1964, but six of those (1948-1954) Oak College Dean. During his tenure as president, he questioned the prevailing traditional management views and perceptions of human characteristics prevailing at that time. Subsequently, he published his article entitled “The People in Business” in the November 1957 issue of the American “Management Review” magazine and proposed the famous “Theory X-Y Theory,” which was published as a book in 1960. This article is one of the most reprinted articles in management literature. In his essay, McGregor elaborates on the notion that the height to which human creativity can be reached is unthinkable given the right conditions and in organized circumstances. McGregor named the traditional management ideas and social science-based management methods as X theory and Y theory. He discussed the benefits of decentralization, job development, engagement, and job evaluation.