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号称世界屋脊的喜马拉雅,横贯中亚大陆,东西绵延2400公里。从19世纪中叶,艾佛勒斯对喜马拉雅的大地测量导致普拉特和艾利(1855年)创立地壳均衡理论以来,喜马拉雅一直是地质和地球物理工作者瞩目中心。近年来,人们又把它看作是揭开大陆造山带地质构造秘密的典型地区,许多人还把它视为打开大陆造山带形成机制和全球构造动力学的一把锁钥或窗口。因而,近几年来,国际上掀起了一股研究喜马拉雅深部构造的潮流,并取得了丰硕的成果,现仅就其中的一些成果综述如下,不妥之处,请批评指正。
Himalayas, known as the roof of the world, traverse the Central Asian continent, stretching 2400 km east-west. Himalayas have been a center of attention for geologists and geophysics workers since the emerald earth survey of Himalayas in the mid-1800s led Pratt and Avery (1855) to establish the theory of crustal balance. In recent years, it has also been regarded as a typical area revealing the geological structure of the continental orogenic belt. Many people also regard it as a key or window for opening up the formation mechanism of the continental orogenic belt and global structural dynamics. Therefore, in recent years, there has been an international trend to study the deep structure of the Himalayas and has achieved fruitful results. For the moment, some of the results are summarized as follows.