论文部分内容阅读
[目的]提高流动人口免疫接种率和免疫服务质量,消除免疫空白,减少易感人群,降低计划免疫针对疾病的发病率,保护儿童健康。[方法]按照河南省和南阳市消灭脊髓灰质炎强化免疫活动方案对油区内所有4岁以下适龄儿童进行强化免疫活动。活动结束后对油区各预防接种点的基础免疫与强化免疫工作报表以及市区两级强化免疫督导员的现场抽查资料进行汇总分析,综合评价。[结果]流动儿童脊髓灰质炎强化免疫活动报告接种率均在98%以上。对流动儿童的接种情况进行评估,结果发现农村和集贸市场流动儿童的抽查接种率差异无统计学意义,流动儿童不同年龄的抽查接种率差异无统计学意义。[结论]在常规免疫的基础上,多次实施强化免疫活动可有效减少和消除易感人群的累积,迅速提高人群的免疫覆盖率,在短期内形成有效的免疫屏障,避免出现免疫空白。但从0～岁至3～岁组均不同程度存在0剂次儿童。多次强化免疫并未完全解决流动儿童中0剂次免疫儿童的积累问题,提示流动儿童仍是今后常规免疫、强化免疫的重点人群之一,今后还必须加强强化免疫活动的工作力度。
[Objective] To improve the vaccination rate and immune service quality of floating population, eliminate the immune blank, reduce the susceptible population, reduce the incidence of disease-specific immunization and protect the health of children. [Method] According to the programs of eradication of poliomyelitis in Henan Province and Nanyang City, all the children under 4 years of age in the oil zone were given intensive immunization. After the activity, the basic immunization and intensive immunization work report of each immunization point in the oil zone and the site spot check data of the municipal district-level intensified immunization supervisors were summarized and analyzed and comprehensively evaluated. [Results] The vaccination coverage rate of migrant children with poliomyelitis was more than 98%. The assessment of the vaccination of migrant children showed that there was no significant difference in the spot check-up rates among migrant children in rural areas and bazaars, and there was no significant difference in the vaccination coverage rate among migrant children at different ages. [Conclusion] On the basis of routine immunization, repeated immunization activities can effectively reduce and eliminate the accumulation of susceptible population, rapidly increase the immunization coverage of the population, and form an effective immune barrier in a short period to avoid immune blank. However, from 0 to 3 years old to the age group there are 0 doses of children to varying degrees. Multiple immunizations do not completely solve the problem of accumulation of 0 doses of immunized children in floating children, suggesting that migrant children are still one of the key groups for routine immunization and intensive immunization in the future. In the future, we must step up efforts to strengthen immunization activities.