介绍了我国铁路内燃机车润滑油从普通１４＃柴油机油到第三代、第四代油的特点及效果；进口电力机车润滑油、脂的国产化方案及三大油品（ＳＫ机车牵引齿轮油、空气压缩机油、牵引电机电枢轴承脂）的研制技术路线与特点等。最后建议尽快开展高速铁路动车组主要润滑剂、长大重载列车极压滚动轴承脂及机车柴油机故障计算机软件系统研究，以适应我国铁路重载、高速的发展需要。 The characteristics and effects of oil for diesel locomotives in our country from ordinary 14 # diesel oil to the third generation and fourth generation oil are introduced. The localization scheme of lubricating oil and grease for imported locomotives and three major oil products (SK locomotive traction gear oil , Air compressor oil, traction motor armature bearing grease) development of technical routes and features. Finally, it is suggested to carry out the research on the main lubricant of high-speed railway EMU as well as the computer software system of the diesel locomotive grease and locomotive diesel engine, so as to meet the needs of heavy-haul and high-speed railway in our country.