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目的了解灾难救助者替代性创伤状况与社会支持之间的相关程度。方法用灾难救助者替代性创伤问卷和社会支持评定量表对205名赴川灾难救助者进行问卷调查。结果 1已婚救助者替代性创伤中的情绪反应因子得分显著低于未婚救助者(t=-2.025,P<0.05);接受培训的救助者与未接受培训的救助者相比,前者替代性创伤中的认知反应(t=-3.521,P<0.01)、生理反应因子得分(t=-2.543,P<0.05)和总分(t=-2.287,P<0.05)均显著低于后者;经历短时间救援工作的救助者与经历长时间工作的救助者相比,前者替代性创伤中的认知反应(t=3.687,P<0.001)、生理反应因子得分(t=2.104,P<0.05)和总分(t=2.674,P<0.01)均显著高于后者;2灾难救助者替代性创伤中的行为反应(P<0.05)、认知反应(P<0.01)和总分(P<0.01)分别与主观支持和社会支持总分呈显著的负相关,情绪反应与社会支持总分也呈显著的负相关(P<0.05)。结论救助者的替代性创伤状况,已婚救助者轻于未婚救助者,接受培训的轻于未接受培训的,经历长时间工作的轻于经历时间短的。社会支持状况越好的救助者,其所受的替代性创伤的程度越轻。
Objective To understand the correlation between alternative trauma victims and social support for disaster survivors. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 205 disaster rescuers who went to Sichuan using the Disaster Rescue Alternative Trauma Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale. Results 1 The scores of emotional response factors in alternative trauma of married rescues were significantly lower than those of unmarried rescues (t = -2.025, P <0.05). Compared with untrained rescues, (T = -2.543, P <0.05) and total score (t = -2.287, P <0.05) were significantly lower in the trauma than in the latter (t = -3.521, P <0.01) (T = 3.687, P <0.001), and physiological response factor score (t = 2.104, P <0.001). Compared with those who underwent long-term work, the rescuers who experienced short-term rescue work had higher cognitive response (t = 0.05) and the total score (t = 2.674, P <0.01) were significantly higher than those of the latter.2 The behavioral response (P <0.05), cognitive response P <0.01) were significantly negatively correlated with subjective support and social support scores, respectively, and negative correlations were also found with emotional support and social support scores (P <0.05). Conclusions The status of alternative trauma to salvors is less than that of married solvers who are lighter than unmarried salvors, those who are less trained than those who do not receive training, and who experience a long period of work. Rescuers with better social support have a lesser degree of alternative trauma.