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目的探讨南京市玄武区居民近25年死亡谱的变化规律及寿命损失。方法潜在寿命减少年数(PYLL)统计,早死年龄域定义为1～74岁。结果男女均以肿瘤和损伤与中毒的PYLL为主,依次居第1、第2位,寿命损失呈明显上升。呼吸系统病、脑血管病、心血管病的PYLL,位次较死亡率后移,反映了其死亡多发生在较高年龄组。而损伤与中毒的PYLL构成大大超过其死亡率构成,青年型死因特征明显。全死因减寿率呈下降趋势,对下降影响最大的男女性均为肿瘤。肿瘤、心血管病及脑血管病造成的寿命损失呈明显上升,传染病及呼吸系病呈明显下降趋势。男性寿命损失高于女性,从时间段上看,肿瘤PYLL呈现减少的趋势,心血管病呈现增加的趋势,而总PYLL率男女性之比趋于平稳。
Objective To investigate the change rule and loss of life spectrum of death spectrum in recent 25 years in Xuanwu District of Nanjing. Method PYLL statistics, premature death age range is defined as 1 to 74 years old. Results Both male and female patients were predominantly PYLL with tumor, injury and poisoning, ranking first and second place in turn, with a significant increase in loss of life expectancy. Respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular disease PYLL, the location of the more than the mortality of the shift, reflecting the death occurred in the higher age group. The injury and poisoning of PYLL constitute much more than the composition of its mortality, the characteristics of young type of death obvious. All-cause mortality rate showed a downward trend, the greatest impact on the decline of both men and women were tumors. Tumor, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease caused by the loss of life was significantly increased, infectious diseases and respiratory diseases showed a significant downward trend. Male longevity loss than women, from the time point of view, the tumor PYLL showed a decreasing trend, cardiovascular disease showed an increasing trend, while the total PYLL rate of male and female ratio tends to be stable.