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Objective To investigate the role of anti- interleukin-2 receptor(CD25) monoclonal antibody in the regulation of cytokine mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-2, CD25, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interferon-γ (IFNγ) in cardiac allografts to elucidate its immunological mechanism and role in rats that have undergone cardiac transplantation. Methods These in vivo studies were conducted using a rat MHC mismatch SD to Wistar heterotopic cardiac transplant model. Simulect, an anti-CD25 antibody, was used to prevent allograft rejection. An increase in the rate of allograft survival was observed. Rats were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 post-transplantation and hearts were harvested for furgher study. Cytokine mRNA expression was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Results In the control group, cardiac allografts were rejected at 8.3±1.7 days after transplantation (±s). The rats who received CsA rejected the cardiac allograft at 26.4±5.7 days post-transplant. Allograft survival of Simulect-treated rats was 29.2±7.1 days (P