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中介体(Mediator)是真核生物转录起始过程中的基因特异调控蛋白和RNA聚合酶Ⅱ重要的转录组成部分,最早发现于酵母菌中,是由多个蛋白质亚基组成的生物大分子复合物,属于RNA聚合酶Ⅱ通用转录装置的基本组分,在真核生物mRNA合成的活化和抑制中发挥关键作用,对RNA聚合酶Ⅱ活力进行调节。Med19基因在酵母中又名ROX3(或SSN7、RMR1等),最初是在研究CYC7基因突变体中发现的。野生型ROX3基因的克隆序列表示,它编码一个220个氨基酸的蛋白质。Med19基因在人体又称肺癌转移相关蛋白(LCMRI),定位于染色体chr11q12.1,蛋白由244个氨基酸组成,基因全长1605bp。Med19(Rox3)是中介体的一个亚单位,构成了酵母RNA聚合酶Ⅱ的头部组件,在转录激活和抑制中发挥重要作用。本文就Med19基因的特点、功能及其与肿瘤等关系的最新研究进展作一综述。
Mediator is an important transcriptional component of gene-specific regulatory protein and RNA polymerase II in eukaryotic transcription initiation process. It was first found in yeast and is a complex of biological macromolecules composed of multiple protein subunits Belonging to the basic component of RNA polymerase II universal transcription device, plays a key role in the activation and inhibition of eukaryotic mRNA synthesis and regulates the activity of RNA polymerase II. Med19 is also known as ROX3 (or SSN7, RMR1, etc.) in yeast and was originally found in studies of CYC7 gene mutants. The cloned sequence of the wild type ROX3 gene indicates that it encodes a 220 amino acid protein. The gene Med19 is also called the lung metastasis-associated protein (LCMRI) in the human body and locates on chromosome chr11q12.1. The protein consists of 244 amino acids and the gene length is 1605bp. Med19 (Rox3), a subunit of the mediator, forms the head assembly of yeast RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation and suppression. This review summarizes recent advances in the features and functions of the Med19 gene and its relationship to tumors.