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【目的】观察脑源性神经营养因子（brain derived neurotrophic factor ，BDNF）在甲状腺乳头状癌（Papillary thyroid carcinoma ，PTC）中的表达，探讨其与PTC发生及临床病理特征的关系。【方法】对56例P T C、22例甲状腺腺瘤、10例正常甲状腺组织，采用免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白‐过氧化物酶法（S P法）检测BDNF的表达。【结果】BDNF在PTC、甲状腺腺瘤中的表达明显高于正常甲状腺组织（ P ＜0．05）；BDNF的表达水平与PTC肿块大小、有无淋巴结转移有关（ P ＜0．05）；BDNF表达水平与 PTC发病年龄、性别、临床分期无明显相关性（ P ＞0．05）；BDNF的表达水平与PTC的分化程度呈负相关（ r ＝－0．482，P＜0．05）。【结论】BDNF过表达可能与甲状腺腺瘤、PTC发生有关；BDNF表达水平为临床上判断PTC分化程度、淋巴结转移可能性提供有效参考，对指导PTC手术方式及辅助治疗具有实用价值。“,”Objective] To explore the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in papillary thy‐roid carcinoma (PTC) and examine its clinicopathologic relationship with the occurrence of PTC .[Methods]For PTC ( n=56) ,thyroid adenoma ( n =22) and normal thyroid tissue ( n =10) ,the method of immunohistochemical streptomycin avidin‐peroxidase (SP) was employed for detecting the expression of BDNF .[Results] The expression of BDNF in PTC and thyroid adenoma was significantly higher than that in normal thyroid tissue ( P <0 .05) .The degree of BDNF in PTC was correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis ( P0 .05) .And it was negatively correlated with differentiation ( r =-0 .482 ,P<0 .05) . .[Conclusion]BDNF may be associated with the occurrence of thyroid adenoma and PTC .And its expression level provides valuable references for judging the differentiation and lymph node metastasis during surgi‐cal and adjuvant therapies for PTC .