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摘 要:如何在最短的时间内提高写作的能力，本文介绍一种行之有效的写作方法——“写长法”，学生将该法在实际写作过程中加以运用，可以让自己在写的过程中自然而然的提高写作能力。
关键词:写长法；突破；英语写作；瓶颈
中国分类号： 文献标识码：文章编号：1992-7711（2010）4-068 -02
英语写作一直是高中生最弱的一项，写作时学生不仅要达到规定的字数要求，还要写出自己的风格和特色，准确反映出自己的想法，难度非常大。
一、学生写作瓶颈的分析
自从高考将英语写作纳入考试范围起，其均分一直在及格线周围徘徊，这直接反映出了写作之难，但又因为英语写作很难在短时间内得到提高，面对学习和考试的双重压力，高中生会忽略写作。学生写作失败的原因主要有以下几点：
1．缺少足够的词汇量。英语单词是写作的一个基础成分，缺少一定的单词量将直接影响写作的水平。三年高中学习结束后，许多学生仍达不到考纲中3500个单词和400个词组的要求，这使得学生动笔写作时无法准确选用英语词汇来表达自己的想法，出现中式英语或词不达意的现象。
2．对于英语写作缺少兴趣，为写而写。学生每周没有足够的写作时间，每月也没有定量的写作任务，教师对于写作字数也没有明确的要求。学生普遍缺少写作所需要的技巧，教师也习惯于给模板给套句让学生死记硬背，学生无法发挥主创性，文章千遍一律。
3．教师对学生写作中错误的小题大做。学生感到写作成绩是由错误的量来决定，这导致学生只用自己熟悉的语言来表达观点，减少了使用新语言的机会。
二、问题的解决
高中生可以通过“写长法”来激活自己表达自己真实愿望的冲动，以量促质，以写促学。“写长法”的基本要求是在平时写作练习中尽量将文章写长,多使用学过的高级词汇，短语和从句，放开写,不限字数,越长越好。学生先通过写长来开阔思路，释放创新潜力,然后在关注教师对于错误的批改，做到先有再完善。学生在实施“写长法”时要注意以下几点：
1．在每周的写作课上尽量当堂完成写作任务，控制自己写作的时间，不要拖到课后完成。在教师批改完自己的文章后，专门准备一本作文本将订正过的文章重抄一遍。抄写时注意分析一下自己文章中错误类型和出错的原因。
2.不要只用自己熟悉的语言形式表达思想,这样至多只会改善英语使用的熟练程度而无法突破已有的模式，也不能总是套用教师给的写作模板，这会导致自己的写作和其他学生一样，没有自己的风格，自然分数也不会高。好文章需要有具体论据支撑，可以参考课本上类似文章的结构和写作话题的背景知识，多多使用高中的词汇短语来强化细节描写，多用变化多端的从句句型来突出重点描写对象，这样就避免了无话可写却要硬写的情况发生。如果写作话题和所学过的教材内容有关，可以在开始时考虑用课文仿写的方式作为切入点进行构思。下文会有具体的例子予以阐述。
3.错误的处理
“写长法”关注写作的过程，强调文章须经过自查与再修改的步骤。在上交作文前，自己必须独立修改能辨认出的所有错误并划出文章中精彩的部分，然后让教师指出自己没有辨认出的其他错误。每次自改时候采取简单的下划线的办法标出自己写作中的亮点，如精彩的思维与优美的句式和词汇等以激发写作的信心。通过这种积极的改错，强化了自己对于所输出的语言点的注意，也最大程度上的改进自己整体的写作水平。学生在教师写作评讲完毕后，要关注班上其他学生的优秀作文，学习范文的构思，布局与语用等方面优点，了解自己和他人之间的差距，取长补短，树立榜样，激发自己的进取心和写好作文的欲望。
三、案例分析
一位普通学校的高二学生在实践一个学期每周一次的“写长法”后，在不同阶段写了以下三篇作文。从文章的长度和词汇与语法的运用程度上可以看出该生英语写作的水平有提高。
Writing Topic: Whether to live in the city or in the countryside?
Some people are happy to live in the city which has cinemas, theatres and exhibition centers. The city not only has plenty of interesting places, but also some first-class places. People can choose a good way to make them relax on Sundays. Many women want to go shopping in the city and men can also make the most of their time in order to do their business. But others are attracted by the countryside. These people can touch nature, which has rivers and fresh air.
In my opinion, the city and the countryside have different disadvantages. The city has pollutions, which makes people uncomfortable and it is always crowded with people. Compared with the city, the countryside has fresh air and clean paths, but people can’t buy things that they want. So I am intended to live in the city, and when holidays come, I’ll go to the countryside for a change.
这是该生在实践“写长法”第七周所写的文章。其写作中出现的高一高二课文中要求学生掌握的固定搭配与从句语法（主要为定语从句与名词性从句）。该生的写作完成的一般，虽然文章的字数已经达到了152个字，但是对于写作主题的把握较浅，虽然有少量的高级词汇如disadvantage，但总体看使用的词组与从句还是较少，这即反映出该生对于所学到的语言内容反馈不足，也体现了该生写作的功底不太令人满意。
2. Writing Topic: Whether to start learning English from childhood or nor?
The students of class 3 have a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. And students’ opinions can be divided into two parts.
Some students think children should begin to learn English when they are very young because they have a good memory to remember plenty of words. If they do so, it can be a good foundation for learning English.
Others have opposite opinions. They think kids shouldn’t start to learn English when they are very young. In China, children must learn Chinese in their childhood. If they learn English as well, they can mix them up. And it can have bad effects on learning two languages. To make matters worse, they can’t learn them well afterwards.
In my opinion, learning English from childhood should be based on children’s conditions. On one hand, if kids are in good condition, they can learn English. Otherwise, they had better not learn English. If children with learning problems learn English early, they may face a problem that they will be absent-minded when learning English and the result will be bad. So their parents should be careful when they choose a time to educate them. In general, whether children learn English from childhood or not should be judged according to their conditions.
这是该生第14周的作品。较之以前的文章可以看出该学生的文章写长了，字数达到了215个，思想内容也更加丰满，同时在文章中利用和产出了更多的语言知识，这也从侧面说明“写长法”帮助该生复习了这些学过的词汇和短语，并在写作中反馈出来。
3. Writing Topic: Your preference between Chinese medicine and western medicine
Dear Tom,
I’m happy to hear from you and in your last letter you asked me about our Chinese magic acupuncture, now I will introduce this traditional treatment to you.
First of all, there are two theories about the beginning of Chinese acupuncture. On one hand, some people think that acupuncture has been practised in China for about 2,000 years. On the other hand, others believe that it has been practised for at least 4,000 year. The first record of acupuncture is found in Huangdi Neijing, which is said to be the oldest medical book in the world.
Secondly, I want to tell you about its advantages. Some illnesses that can be successfully treated or relieved by acupuncture include very bad pains, such as back and neck pains, headaches, injuries, stomach problems and high-and-low blood pressure problems. Apart from this, it can also treat addictions to cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and overeating. On the other hand, some acupuncturists state that the Qi is made up of human’s energy and that Qi of the body may become unbalanced even long before any symptoms occur, so Western medicine can’t find anything wrong beforehand, but acupuncture can be used to treat this kind of condition, even the patient doesn’t feel bad then.
In the end, I have to tell you about some side effects of acupuncture. In fact, though acupuncture has a large number of advantages, it still has some disadvantages. In many situations, acupuncture isn’t used, such as in emergent surgery. In addition, the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of pain remains doubtful. Last but not least, it takes a very long time for an acupuncturists to master this treatment.
In general, I think what I have said is enough for you to understand the function of Chinese acupuncture. I hope you can really like this traditional Chinese art.
Yours sincerely,
DingQun
在学期末第20周时，该生能较熟练地使用大纲词汇短语，文章总的字数为306个，从句也与其他类型的句型融为一体，写作水平上升了一个高度。这说明“写长法”的确起到了帮助学生提高写作水平的效果。
苏霍姆林斯基说过：“成功的欢乐是一种学习的情绪力量。”新课标也提出让学生“体验成功的喜悦”。“写长法”激发了学生自身的创作欲望，提高了英语语言知识的输出效率，以写促学，是值得实践的一种好方法。
关键词:写长法；突破；英语写作；瓶颈
中国分类号： 文献标识码：文章编号：1992-7711（2010）4-068 -02
英语写作一直是高中生最弱的一项，写作时学生不仅要达到规定的字数要求，还要写出自己的风格和特色，准确反映出自己的想法，难度非常大。
一、学生写作瓶颈的分析
自从高考将英语写作纳入考试范围起，其均分一直在及格线周围徘徊，这直接反映出了写作之难，但又因为英语写作很难在短时间内得到提高，面对学习和考试的双重压力，高中生会忽略写作。学生写作失败的原因主要有以下几点：
1．缺少足够的词汇量。英语单词是写作的一个基础成分，缺少一定的单词量将直接影响写作的水平。三年高中学习结束后，许多学生仍达不到考纲中3500个单词和400个词组的要求，这使得学生动笔写作时无法准确选用英语词汇来表达自己的想法，出现中式英语或词不达意的现象。
2．对于英语写作缺少兴趣，为写而写。学生每周没有足够的写作时间，每月也没有定量的写作任务，教师对于写作字数也没有明确的要求。学生普遍缺少写作所需要的技巧，教师也习惯于给模板给套句让学生死记硬背，学生无法发挥主创性，文章千遍一律。
3．教师对学生写作中错误的小题大做。学生感到写作成绩是由错误的量来决定，这导致学生只用自己熟悉的语言来表达观点，减少了使用新语言的机会。
二、问题的解决
高中生可以通过“写长法”来激活自己表达自己真实愿望的冲动，以量促质，以写促学。“写长法”的基本要求是在平时写作练习中尽量将文章写长,多使用学过的高级词汇，短语和从句，放开写,不限字数,越长越好。学生先通过写长来开阔思路，释放创新潜力,然后在关注教师对于错误的批改，做到先有再完善。学生在实施“写长法”时要注意以下几点：
1．在每周的写作课上尽量当堂完成写作任务，控制自己写作的时间，不要拖到课后完成。在教师批改完自己的文章后，专门准备一本作文本将订正过的文章重抄一遍。抄写时注意分析一下自己文章中错误类型和出错的原因。
2.不要只用自己熟悉的语言形式表达思想,这样至多只会改善英语使用的熟练程度而无法突破已有的模式，也不能总是套用教师给的写作模板，这会导致自己的写作和其他学生一样，没有自己的风格，自然分数也不会高。好文章需要有具体论据支撑，可以参考课本上类似文章的结构和写作话题的背景知识，多多使用高中的词汇短语来强化细节描写，多用变化多端的从句句型来突出重点描写对象，这样就避免了无话可写却要硬写的情况发生。如果写作话题和所学过的教材内容有关，可以在开始时考虑用课文仿写的方式作为切入点进行构思。下文会有具体的例子予以阐述。
3.错误的处理
“写长法”关注写作的过程，强调文章须经过自查与再修改的步骤。在上交作文前，自己必须独立修改能辨认出的所有错误并划出文章中精彩的部分，然后让教师指出自己没有辨认出的其他错误。每次自改时候采取简单的下划线的办法标出自己写作中的亮点，如精彩的思维与优美的句式和词汇等以激发写作的信心。通过这种积极的改错，强化了自己对于所输出的语言点的注意，也最大程度上的改进自己整体的写作水平。学生在教师写作评讲完毕后，要关注班上其他学生的优秀作文，学习范文的构思，布局与语用等方面优点，了解自己和他人之间的差距，取长补短，树立榜样，激发自己的进取心和写好作文的欲望。
三、案例分析
一位普通学校的高二学生在实践一个学期每周一次的“写长法”后，在不同阶段写了以下三篇作文。从文章的长度和词汇与语法的运用程度上可以看出该生英语写作的水平有提高。
Writing Topic: Whether to live in the city or in the countryside?
Some people are happy to live in the city which has cinemas, theatres and exhibition centers. The city not only has plenty of interesting places, but also some first-class places. People can choose a good way to make them relax on Sundays. Many women want to go shopping in the city and men can also make the most of their time in order to do their business. But others are attracted by the countryside. These people can touch nature, which has rivers and fresh air.
In my opinion, the city and the countryside have different disadvantages. The city has pollutions, which makes people uncomfortable and it is always crowded with people. Compared with the city, the countryside has fresh air and clean paths, but people can’t buy things that they want. So I am intended to live in the city, and when holidays come, I’ll go to the countryside for a change.
这是该生在实践“写长法”第七周所写的文章。其写作中出现的高一高二课文中要求学生掌握的固定搭配与从句语法（主要为定语从句与名词性从句）。该生的写作完成的一般，虽然文章的字数已经达到了152个字，但是对于写作主题的把握较浅，虽然有少量的高级词汇如disadvantage，但总体看使用的词组与从句还是较少，这即反映出该生对于所学到的语言内容反馈不足，也体现了该生写作的功底不太令人满意。
2. Writing Topic: Whether to start learning English from childhood or nor?
The students of class 3 have a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. And students’ opinions can be divided into two parts.
Some students think children should begin to learn English when they are very young because they have a good memory to remember plenty of words. If they do so, it can be a good foundation for learning English.
Others have opposite opinions. They think kids shouldn’t start to learn English when they are very young. In China, children must learn Chinese in their childhood. If they learn English as well, they can mix them up. And it can have bad effects on learning two languages. To make matters worse, they can’t learn them well afterwards.
In my opinion, learning English from childhood should be based on children’s conditions. On one hand, if kids are in good condition, they can learn English. Otherwise, they had better not learn English. If children with learning problems learn English early, they may face a problem that they will be absent-minded when learning English and the result will be bad. So their parents should be careful when they choose a time to educate them. In general, whether children learn English from childhood or not should be judged according to their conditions.
这是该生第14周的作品。较之以前的文章可以看出该学生的文章写长了，字数达到了215个，思想内容也更加丰满，同时在文章中利用和产出了更多的语言知识，这也从侧面说明“写长法”帮助该生复习了这些学过的词汇和短语，并在写作中反馈出来。
3. Writing Topic: Your preference between Chinese medicine and western medicine
Dear Tom,
I’m happy to hear from you and in your last letter you asked me about our Chinese magic acupuncture, now I will introduce this traditional treatment to you.
First of all, there are two theories about the beginning of Chinese acupuncture. On one hand, some people think that acupuncture has been practised in China for about 2,000 years. On the other hand, others believe that it has been practised for at least 4,000 year. The first record of acupuncture is found in Huangdi Neijing, which is said to be the oldest medical book in the world.
Secondly, I want to tell you about its advantages. Some illnesses that can be successfully treated or relieved by acupuncture include very bad pains, such as back and neck pains, headaches, injuries, stomach problems and high-and-low blood pressure problems. Apart from this, it can also treat addictions to cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and overeating. On the other hand, some acupuncturists state that the Qi is made up of human’s energy and that Qi of the body may become unbalanced even long before any symptoms occur, so Western medicine can’t find anything wrong beforehand, but acupuncture can be used to treat this kind of condition, even the patient doesn’t feel bad then.
In the end, I have to tell you about some side effects of acupuncture. In fact, though acupuncture has a large number of advantages, it still has some disadvantages. In many situations, acupuncture isn’t used, such as in emergent surgery. In addition, the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of pain remains doubtful. Last but not least, it takes a very long time for an acupuncturists to master this treatment.
In general, I think what I have said is enough for you to understand the function of Chinese acupuncture. I hope you can really like this traditional Chinese art.
Yours sincerely,
DingQun
在学期末第20周时，该生能较熟练地使用大纲词汇短语，文章总的字数为306个，从句也与其他类型的句型融为一体，写作水平上升了一个高度。这说明“写长法”的确起到了帮助学生提高写作水平的效果。
苏霍姆林斯基说过：“成功的欢乐是一种学习的情绪力量。”新课标也提出让学生“体验成功的喜悦”。“写长法”激发了学生自身的创作欲望，提高了英语语言知识的输出效率，以写促学，是值得实践的一种好方法。