初中《世界历史》近代部分,涉及的国家很多,头绪纷繁。同一性质的历史现象往往出现在几个不同的国家里,国家间、事件间的关系纵横交错,互有影响。理论性的概念也比较多,如资本主义制度的矛盾,经济危机,帝国主义的特征,国际工人运动和共产主义运动的发展规律等等。上述这些,都是学生不容易理解的,给他们的学习带来了一定的困难,因而在他们的知识中就往往存在一些缺陷。其中比较突出的问题是:时空观念模糊,对概念涵义理解的不确切,将历史事件的具体情况张冠李载。有些学生虽然掌握了一些具体知识,但很零碎片段,或者仅仅记住条文、结论。造成上述缺陷的原因,从学生方面来看,主要是学生对所学的历史知识没有充分地理解,抓不住历史现象的特点及历 The modern part of “history of the world” in junior high schools involves many countries with numerous ideas. The historical phenomenon of the same nature often appears in several different countries. The relations between countries and events are criss-crossed and influenced by each other. There are also many theoretical concepts, such as the contradictions of the capitalist system, the economic crisis, the characteristics of imperialism, the law of development of the international workers’ movement and the communist movement, and so on. All of these things are not easily understood by students and bring some difficulties to their learning. Therefore, they often have some flaws in their knowledge. Among them, the outstanding problems are: the vague concept of time and space, the imprecise understanding of the concept meaning, and the specific circumstances of historical events. Although some students have some specific knowledge, but fragmented, or just remember the provisions of the conclusion. The reasons for the above shortcomings, from the student’s point of view, mainly students do not fully understand the history of learning knowledge, can not grasp the characteristics of historical phenomena and calendar