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在国内蒙古语言学著作中,大多把青海蒙古族所操的蒙古语划归卫拉特方言,并认为它同新疆、额济纳等地区的蒙古族所操的蒙古语在语音、词汇、语法等方面大同小异,同国内其他蒙古语方言相比较,也有显著的特点。其实,仔细考察,青海蒙古语同新疆蒙古语,比同额济纳等蒙古族所操的蒙古语的差别要大一些。本文从语音、语义构成等方面,揭示青海蒙古语方言词的几个基本特点,从而窥探其与蒙古语其他方言之间的差异。并对如何吸收方言词、丰富标准语提出了笔者的见解。青海蒙古族主要居住在海西蒙古族藏族自治州境内,本文所引用的材料也主要来源于这个地区,故本文题名用了“海西”二字。
In the domestic works of Mongolian linguistics, most of the Mongolian Mongolian people in Qinghai are assigned to the Oirat dialect, and think that it is similar in Mongolian language in terms of voice, vocabulary and grammar with Xinjiang and Ejin, Compared with other Mongolian dialects in the country, there are also notable features. In fact, a closer look, Mongolian Qinghai Mongolian with Xinjiang, Mongolian compared with Ejin and other Mongolian language to be somewhat different. This paper reveals several basic characteristics of Mongolian dialect words in Qinghai from the aspect of phonetics and semantic composition, so as to explore the differences between Mongolian dialects and other dialects. And put forward my opinion on how to absorb dialect words and enrich standard words. The Mongolians in Qinghai mainly live in the territory of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The materials cited in this paper are also mainly from this region. Therefore, the title of this paper uses the word “Haixi”.