第三世界的进口替代战略人们常常引用1913年至1950年期间占据主导地位的国际情势来解释为什么欠发达国家采用进口替代来作为工业战略。两次世界大战所造成的后果以及在两次大战的间隔期间发生的经济萧条,使得工业与贸易之间长期存在的关系发生了变化。从历史的眼光来看,这是一段不正常的时期。在过去一个半世纪的几乎任何一个特定的时期里,世界贸易的增长总是等于或超过生产的增长,只有战争和萧条的年代是例外情况。拥有较大规模制造业部门的先进的欠发达国家特别强烈地感受到工业与贸易关系发生的混乱。第三 Import substitution strategies in the third world People often dwell on the dominant international situation from 1913 to 1950 to explain why less developed countries adopt import substitution as an industrial strategy. The consequences of the two world wars and the economic recession that occurred during the intervals of the two wars have changed the long-standing relationship between industry and trade. From a historical perspective, this is an abnormal period. In almost any given period of the past century and a half, the growth of world trade always equaled or exceeded the growth of production, with the exception of the war and depression years. The advanced and underdeveloped countries, which have larger-scale manufacturing sectors, are particularly overwhelmed by the turmoil in the relations between industry and trade. third