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随着液压工业技术快速发展,液压技术不断趋向高压、高精度和大功率,同时对液压系统工作的可靠性提出了更高的要求。其中液压油本身及外来的污染,如不严格控制与检测,将会给设备或机件带来不同程度的危害。 1.液压油污染的危害 液压传动系统是通过封闭回路的受压液体来传递和控制动力的,油液既是润滑剂又是传动介质,而油液中存在大量的与间隙尺寸相当的机械杂质颗粒悬浮在工作液中随其一起运动,颗粒的性质、大小、浓度、硬度等,对液压系统工作影响很大。目前液压系统中故障有60～70％是由于液压油污染造成,而其中60％的污染源于油液,系统机件在工作过程中产生的污染占20％,其它原因占20％。污染物中一般为5～15μm的颗粒对系统精密机件危害极大,人的肉眼只能看得见30微米以上的颗粒。这些悬浮在油中的颗粒高速运动时(有时高达300m/s),使摩擦面油膜破坏,加速磨合面的摩擦磨损,镀层磨蚀,间隙增大,堵塞系统,以致造成事故。 因此,必须防止油液被污染,而防止油液被污染的关键在于系统和机件的清洗及油液的过滤与检测。 2.系统和机件的清洗
With the rapid development of hydraulic industrial technology, hydraulic technology continues to be high pressure, high precision and high power, and at the same time puts forward higher requirements on the reliability of hydraulic system. The hydraulic oil itself and external pollution, if not strictly controlled and tested, will bring varying degrees of harm to the equipment or parts. 1. Danger of hydraulic oil pollution Hydraulic transmission system is through the closed loop of the pressurized liquid to transmit and control power, the oil is both a lubricant and a transmission medium, and there are a lot of oil in the gap size and mechanical impurities particles Suspended in the working fluid along with its movement, the nature of the particles, size, concentration, hardness, etc., on the hydraulic system work great influence. At present, 60% to 70% of hydraulic system faults are caused by hydraulic oil pollution, of which 60% is caused by oil. The pollution caused by mechanical parts in the process accounts for 20% and other causes account for 20%. Pollutants generally 5 ~ 15μm particles on the system is extremely jeopardizing the precision parts, human eyes can only see the particles above 30 microns. These particles suspended in the oil at high speed (sometimes up to 300m / s), the friction surface of the oil film damage, accelerate the friction wear surface, coating abrasion, the gap increases, blocking the system, resulting in accidents. Therefore, the oil must be prevented from being polluted, and the key to prevent the oil from being polluted lies in the cleaning of the system and the mechanical parts as well as the filtering and testing of the oil. 2 system and mechanical cleaning