对“现代学徒制是什么”和“怎样建立现代学徒制”两个基本问题的回答不同,会导致不一样的政策建议。本文通过考察学徒制的理论争议和实践探索,并结合当前我国职业教育面临的实际情况,认为现代学徒制的建立不仅仅要有政策支持,更为重要的是要将现代学徒制上升为国家制度,通过立法等手段建立起现代学徒制度,形成法律和政策之间的配套支撑体系。 Different answers to two basic questions, “What is modern apprenticeship” and “How to establish modern apprenticeship,” can lead to different policy recommendations. By examining the theoretical controversy and practical exploration of apprenticeship system, combined with the current situation of vocational education in our country, this paper argues that the establishment of modern apprenticeship should not only be supported by policies, but more importantly, the modern apprenticeship system should be upgraded to a national system , Through the means of legislation and other means to establish a modern apprenticeship system, forming a supporting system between law and policy.