虽然地球上水很充足,总贮水量达1.5×10~(18)立方米,然而其中97％却是海水,淡水仅占3％,加之淡水分布不匀,使得世界上有些地区淡水极为缺乏,解决淡水供应问题,便成了当地最为紧迫的事情。用车、船等交通工具向这些地区运送淡水,固然是一种简单的办法,但运费极为昂贵,很难满足实际需要。所以,很久以前一些国家就曾经利用太阳能蒸馏器来生产淡水,因当时技术水平低,蒸馏器产水量少,经济性差,太阳能蒸馏器的应用没有引起人们足够的重视。除了太阳能淡化海水之外,人们还研究成功多种淡化海水的方法,然而这些方法都需要消耗大量的电能、石油或煤等常规能源。在能源危机日趋严重的情况下,这些方法也难以大规模推广应用,一些地区淡水供应问题仍不能得到满意的解决。七十年代以来,太阳能利用再度受到世界各国的重视,太阳能淡化海水工作也引起了人们的关注,据 Although the earth is full of water, with a total storage capacity of 1.5 × 10-18 cubic meters, of which 97% is seawater and fresh water accounts for only 3%. The uneven distribution of fresh water makes fresh water in some parts of the world extremely scarce, Solving the problem of fresh water supply has become the most pressing issue on the ground. Transporting freshwater to these areas by car, boat and other means of transport is an easy way, but the cost of shipping is extremely high and it is difficult to meet the actual needs. Therefore, a long time ago, some countries once used solar energy distiller to produce fresh water. Because of the low technology level, less distilled water produced by the distiller and poor economy, the application of the solar distiller did not attract enough attention. In addition to solar desalination, there are many successful ways to desalinate seawater. However, these methods all require a large amount of conventional energy such as electricity, petroleum or coal. In the increasingly serious energy crisis, these methods are also difficult to promote the large-scale application of fresh water supply in some areas can not be satisfactorily resolved. Since the seventies, solar energy utilization has once again been the focus of all countries in the world, solar desalination has also caused people’s attention, according to