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免疫系统最显著的特点是特异性识别,而免疫识别的分子基础是抗原(或配体)识别受体.自70年代以来,对T细胞受体(TCR)、B细胞受体(BCR)分子和基因结构以及信号转导的深入研究,极大地推动了T细胞、B细胞免疫识别功能乃至整个免疫学的发展.自然杀伤细胞(natural kill cell,NK)不表达TCR、BCR,如何区别“自身”和“非己”一直是个谜.直到90年代初,Ljunggren和Karre等发现MHC I类分子可保护细胞免受NK细胞杀伤,而丢失了MHC I类分子的靶细胞(病毒感染细胞或转化的肿瘤细胞)对NK细胞的杀伤十分敏感,据此提出了NK细胞所识别和清除的是一类“失去自己(missing self)”的细胞.此后,NK细胞受体(natural killer cell receptor,NKCR)的研究进入一个崭新的阶段.目前已经明确,NKCR不仅种类繁多,而且在不同的环境下执行抑制或刺激的功能,1997年Lanier在Immunity杂志上发表了题为“Natural kill cells:from no receptor to too many”的评论文章,正是反映了NKCR研究发展趋势.鉴于NK细胞在抗肿瘤、抗病毒感染中的重要作用,从60年代起对NK细胞的发育、形态、表面标记、功能及其调节先后进行了大量的研究.NK细胞不表达TCR和BCR,是一个独立于T细胞、B细胞的淋巴细胞群,可能与T细胞共有一个前体,主要在骨髓中发育,由于在光镜
The most striking feature of the immune system is its specific recognition, and the molecular basis of immune recognition is the recognition of receptors for antigen (or ligand). Since the 1970s, T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) And gene structure and signal transduction have greatly promoted the development of T cell and B cell immune recognition function and even the whole immunology.How does natural killer cell (NK) express TCR and BCR, “And” non-self “has been a mystery until the early 90s, Ljunggren and Karre found that MHC class I molecules can protect cells from NK cell killing, but lost MHC class I target cells (virus-infected cells or transformed Tumor cells) are very sensitive to the killing of NK cells. Therefore, it is proposed that a group of ”missing self“ cells are identified and cleared by NK cells. Thereafter, the natural killer cell receptor (NKCR) Research into a completely new stage.It has now been made clear that NKCR not only has a wide range of functions but also performs inhibitory or stimulatory functions under different circumstances. In 1997, Lanier published a paper titled ”Natural kill cells: from no receptor to too many ", which reflects the development trend of NKCR research.In view of the important role of NK cells in anti-tumor and antiviral infection, NK cell development, morphology, surface marker, function and Its regulation has conducted a large number of studies.NK cells do not express TCR and BCR, is a T lymphocyte independent of T cells, B cells, may share a precursor with T cells, mainly in the bone marrow development, as in the light microscope