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目的了解和掌握楚雄州乡镇小煤窑农民工患尘肺病情况,为预防和控制职业病危害因素,保护煤工身体健康提供科学依据。方法采用云南省职业健康检查表进行问卷调查,常规体检,高仟伏X线胸片检查,数据经Excel统计软件处理。结果体检364名煤工,尘肺患病率为5.49%,平均患病年龄39.5岁,各年龄段尘肺患病率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=12.80,P<0.01);平均接尘工龄为11.1 a,接尘工龄与患尘肺病有一定关系。结论呈现煤工患尘肺病年龄轻、接尘工龄短的特点。政府应重视私营小煤窑农民工职业病预防控制工作,有关部门应加强企业监管措施,企业法人代表应改善作业环境,增加防护设备,定期为煤工体检,加强煤工预防职业病和自我保护意识,减少煤尘的吸入。
Objective To understand and grasp the situation of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers in township small coal mines in Chuxiong Prefecture and provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling the occupational hazards and protecting the health of coal workers. Methods The questionnaire was conducted by using occupational health checklist in Yunnan Province. The routine physical examinations and the X-ray examination of high kV volts were performed. The data were processed by Excel statistical software. Results The prevalence of pneumoconiosis in the 364 coal workers was 5.49% with an average age of 39.5 years. The prevalence of pneumoconiosis in all age groups was significantly different (χ2 = 12.80, P <0.01). The average dusting age was 11.1 a, the length of dust and pneumoconiosis have a certain relationship. The results show coal miners suffering from pneumoconiosis age, the short service life of dust characteristics. The government should pay attention to the prevention and control of occupational diseases of migrant workers in private small coal mines. Relevant departments should strengthen their supervision measures. Representatives of corporate legal persons should improve the working environment and increase the protective equipment. Regular medical examinations for coal workers should be strengthened to reduce coal workers’ awareness of occupational diseases and self-protection. Inhalation of coal dust.